Hitler - War 'a test of endurance'

12th December 1944: The Fuhrer rouses his Generals for another offensive, claiming that the Allies are losing the stomach for the fight

The Germans had managed to scrape together over 400,000 men and 500 panzers, many from very experienced and prestigious units such as the 1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler, which had fought in Poland, Russia, Italy and Normandy

A high proportion of fanatical SS troops filled the ranks, including survivors from the 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend, which had seen its baptism of fire in Normandy.

The German Generals who were summoned, in great secrecy, to Hitler's western commander post, or Eagle bunker, the Adle's Eyrie, on December 12th were shocked by his appearance. He looked sick and pallid, his left arm shook uncontrollably, and some thought him near collapse.

Hitler, as pictured in December 1944 or January 1945.

Yet he still had enough energy to launch a violent attack on 'world Jewry' as he announced plans for a new offensive in the west

It was typical of Hitler's speeches, a long, rambling affair in which he surveyed history and compared himself to Frederic the Great. At its heart was a desire to go on the attack again.

Field Marshal Walther Model commanded the new Army Group B. He did so enthusiastically despite saying, "This plan hasn't got a damned leg to stand on." when first shown the scheme.